Literature Articles

This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.

CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?

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"I Didn't Sign Up For This!": Considering The Impact of Due Process On Teachers

When conflict between schools and parents escalate to due process, there are repercussions. Teachers, whose work and testimony are generally vital elements in determining hearing decisions, are largely overlooked in the research. This paper introduces the impact that participating in due process...Learn more

A comparison of mediation and the due process hearing as means for a resolution of disputes in special education.

In the Michigan Revised Administrative Rules for Special Education (1987) there are two methods listed for solving disputes in special education. They are: the Due Process Hearing and Mediation. Due Process Hearings are legalistic and adversarial while Mediations are based on negotiation and...Learn more

A comparison of parents who initiated due process hearings and complaints in Maine.

This study explored the differences between parents who had initiated hearings and complaints and their perceptions of the processes. A document review, structured telephone interview, and focus group meetings were used to gather data. The subjects were 29 parents who had initiated complains and 31...Learn more

A Posture of Reciprocity: A Practical Approach to Collaboration Between Professionals and Parents of Culturally Diverse Backgrounds

Abstract: The current emphasis on developing culturally responsive services for families of children with disabilities from culturally diverse backgrounds informs the need for professional self-awareness whereby professionals learn to recognize not only the cultural specificity of personal values...Learn more

A Study of Factors that Contribute to Conflicts in Special Education between Parents and Schools: A Validation of Lake and Billingsley's Theory

[Abstract] This quantitative research conducted in Southern California validated Lake and Billingsley’s (2000) Grounded Theory regarding factors causing conflicts in special education. This study found that discrepant views of a child or child’s needs, knowledge, service delivery, constraints,...Learn more

A Tale of Two Districts Fostering the Home-School Partnership: Conflict Prevention and Alternative Dispute Resolution Practices in Special Education

Abstract: "Conflict between parents of children with disabilities and school districts has become a national topic of concern. Parents and districts are continuing to rely on due process hearings to resolve conflict. This practice is emotionally and financially exhausting, and leaves no room for...Learn more

Actions Speak Louder than Words: How Do Special Education Administrators Prevent and Resolve Conflict with Families?

[Abstract] Conflict between parents of children with disabilities and school district members has been an ongoing issue for decades. Special education administrators are often designated to address conflict with the intent to find an amicable resolution. Otherwise, conflict can lead to due process...Learn more

Advancing Parent-Professional Leadership: Effective Strategies for Building the Capacity of Parent Advisory Councils in Special Education

[Introduction] "The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, last amended in 2004 (IDEA 2004), encourages parents and educators to work collaboratively, emphasizing that as a team they are uniquely suited to make decisions that help improve the educational experiences and outcomes of children...Learn more

Advocates and IEPs: Parental Perspectives and Solutions Schools Can Offer

[Abstract] Parental perspectives regarding the utilization of professional advocates and attorneys is non-existent in the current academic literature base. The limited extant literature contains school personnel perspectives on the IEP process when advocates are involved. Thus, to investigate this...Learn more

Alternative dispute resolution under the Individuals with Disability Educational Act: A case study of early intervention mediation (Iowa).

All states are required to offer mediation services for the voluntary settlement of special education disputes after a due process hearing has been requested as a result of the 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA). However, Iowa is one of only a few states that...Learn more

Alternative dispute resolution; An effective strategy for reducing special education due process hearings in California.

Law has protected the educational right of students with handicapping conditions and their parents throughout the nation since 1975. All states have a process in place where parents or schools districts can request a due process hearing at the state level. There is substantial evidence that due...Learn more

An analysis of factors that contribute to parent-school conflict in special education.

Interviews with 22 parents who had participated in a special education appeals process, 16 school officials, and 6 mediators found 8 factors that escalate parent-school conflict: discrepant views of a child or a child's needs, knowledge, service delivery, reciprocal power, constraints, valuation,...Learn more

An Exploration of the Dynamics and Collaboration within IEP Teams

[abstract] The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (2004) mandates the establishment of an educational team that convenes once a year if not more to review and adjust each exceptional student’s Individualized Education Program (IEP). There are a variety of social and...Learn more

An Investigation of Facilitated Individualized Education Program Meeting Practice: Promising Procedures That Foster Family–Professional Collaboration

There is limited research about effective Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting practices that promote family–professional collaboration. One emerging practice, the Facilitated IEP (FIEP) meeting, has recently gained national attention for its team-based approach. In this study, the...Learn more

Balancing acts: Dispute resolution in the U.S. and English special education law.

Compares special ed. law in US and England. States that the lack of legal representation for low-income parents during dispute resolution affects the fairness of the process, and that parents that don’t have legal advice during mediation are more likely to pursue a due process hearing. Those that...Learn more

Bringing parent and community engagement back into the education reform spotlight

[abstract] "In this study I argue that educational practitioners and policy makers cannot solve the problem of increasing student learning and growth by organizationally isolating the work of schools from communities. The purpose of this study was to explore which organizational conditions have...Learn more

Building bridges with families: Honoring the mandates of IDEA

This article distills three lessons learned over the 30 years since IDEIA was first passed: 1) Families organize daily routines that balance their beliefs, resources, and needs and abilities. 2) Families vary greatly in how and how much they collaborate and participate in schooling activities. 3)...Learn more

Building partnerships with low-income families of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for professional school counselors

Parental involvement is vital in helping students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) perform successfully in schools. Often, low-income families are not involved in their children's education. Therefore, the school counselor's role in partnering with families of students with ADHD...Learn more

Can We Talk? Using Community–Based Participatory Action Research to Build Family and School Partnerships with Families of Color

Research has demonstrated persistent, disproportionally negative educational outcomes for students of color, causing national concern in this area. School personnel increasingly understand the need to engage with parents as educational partners, but parents of color may feel marginalized in these...Learn more

Challenges balancing collaboration and independence in home-school relationships: Analysis of parents’ perceptions in one district

Research has documented the important role that parental involvement plays in children's learning. Yet, it can be challenging for schools to establish appropriate relationships with parents. Is there an optimal balance of collaborative and separate relationships between parents and schools? Twenty...Learn more

Chinese families' level of participation and experiences in IEP meetings.

The author investigated the level of participation and experiences of 5 Chinese parents of children with disabilities in individualized education program (IEP) meetings through observations and interviews. Results of the study suggested that the Chinese parents were dissatisfied with 12 of 15...Learn more

Community and Connection in Inclusive Early-Childhood Education : A Participatory Action Research Investigation

This article presents findings from a participatory action research project at an early-childhood center. The findings lead to recommendations for inclusive early-childhood environments, gathered within three categories: The Meaning of Membership - Establish intentional rituals and routines each...Learn more

Constructing the Individual Education Plan: confusion or collaboration?

This article presents findings of research in the UK concerning the development of the Individual Education Plan, analogous to the IEP in the US context. The Special Education Needs Code of Practice acknowledges that children have "unique knowledge" of their own needs, and it advocates that...Learn more

Creeping judicialization in special education hearings?: An exploratory study.

This article describes an exploratory study using data from the Iowa Department of Education. The authors examined outcomes of 145 hearing officer decisions and seven judicial variables. Outcomes revealed that parents were successful in 32% of the cases, defendant in 60%, and 8% had mixed outcome...Learn more

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

This qualitative study improves understanding of parent perspectives about the factors that facilitate family-professional partnerships in schools recognized for inclusive practices. Five themes emerged from 11 focus groups consisting of parents of students with and without disabilities and with...Learn more

Literature Articles

Type

Filter by Process

Sphere

Program Measure

Intended Audience

Specific Emphasis

Format Access

"I Didn't Sign Up For This!": Considering The Impact of Due Process On Teachers

A comparison of mediation and the due process hearing as means for a resolution of disputes in special education.

A comparison of parents who initiated due process hearings and complaints in Maine.

A Posture of Reciprocity: A Practical Approach to Collaboration Between Professionals and Parents of Culturally Diverse Backgrounds

A Study of Factors that Contribute to Conflicts in Special Education between Parents and Schools: A Validation of Lake and Billingsley's Theory

A Tale of Two Districts Fostering the Home-School Partnership: Conflict Prevention and Alternative Dispute Resolution Practices in Special Education

Actions Speak Louder than Words: How Do Special Education Administrators Prevent and Resolve Conflict with Families?

Advancing Parent-Professional Leadership: Effective Strategies for Building the Capacity of Parent Advisory Councils in Special Education

Advocates and IEPs: Parental Perspectives and Solutions Schools Can Offer

Alternative dispute resolution under the Individuals with Disability Educational Act: A case study of early intervention mediation (Iowa).

Alternative dispute resolution; An effective strategy for reducing special education due process hearings in California.

An analysis of factors that contribute to parent-school conflict in special education.

An Exploration of the Dynamics and Collaboration within IEP Teams

An Investigation of Facilitated Individualized Education Program Meeting Practice: Promising Procedures That Foster Family–Professional Collaboration

Balancing acts: Dispute resolution in the U.S. and English special education law.

Bringing parent and community engagement back into the education reform spotlight

Building bridges with families: Honoring the mandates of IDEA

Building partnerships with low-income families of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for professional school counselors

Can We Talk? Using Community–Based Participatory Action Research to Build Family and School Partnerships with Families of Color

Challenges balancing collaboration and independence in home-school relationships: Analysis of parents’ perceptions in one district

Chinese families' level of participation and experiences in IEP meetings.

Community and Connection in Inclusive Early-Childhood Education : A Participatory Action Research Investigation

Constructing the Individual Education Plan: confusion or collaboration?

Creeping judicialization in special education hearings?: An exploratory study.

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

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