This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.
CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?
Specific Emphasis
An Analysis of Expedited Due Process Hearing Decisions Under the IDEA
The relatively low overall frequency of expedited DPH decisions does not square with the complex and high-stakes nature of the IDEA provisions for disciplinary changes in placement. This may be attributable to the relative lack of resources of students with disabilities who are most vulnerable to...Learn more
Beyond Involvement and Engagement: The Role of the Family in School–Community Partnerships
Research indicates that partnerships between schools and neighborhood communities support student learning, improve schools, and strengthen families and neighborhoods. These partnerships expand the traditional educational mission of the school to include health and social services for children and...Learn more
CADRE's National Data on the Frequency of Due Process Hearing Decisions: Suggested Adjustments
Although occasional national frequency analyses of DPHs were based on a clearly incomplete database, the federally funded Center on Appropriate Dispute Resolution in Special Education (CADRE), which started in 1998, has filled the gap for approximately the last two decades. Various published...Learn more
Enhancing Collaborative Leadership Among Parents of Children with Disabilities: New Directions for Policy and Practice
Parent involvement and leadership have evolved over time and carry different meanings within various educational contexts in the United States. In special education, parent involvement includes the roles that parents of children with disabilities play in the development of their children’s...Learn more
Expert Recommendations for the Future of Due Process in Special Education: A Delphi Study
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify recommendations that a Delphi panel of experts judged to be the most important for the future of due process in special education for avoiding due process hearings. The study also sought to determine and describe the degree of importance and...Learn more
Failure to Implement the IEP: The Third Dimension of FAPE Under the IDEA
After distinguishing the development of “failure to implement” (FTI) the individualized education program (IEP) as a third dimension beyond the procedural and substantive dimensions of FAPE (free appropriate public education) first established in Board of Education v. Rowley , this article provides...Learn more
Impartial Hearings Under the IDEA: Updated Legal Issues and Answers
This updated question-and-answer document is specific to impartial hearing officers (IHOs) and the hearings that they conduct under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The coverage does not extend to the alternate third-party dispute decisional mechanism under the IDEA, the...Learn more
Schaffer v. Weast’s Effects on California Special Education Hearing Decisions
This research examined the associations between Schaffer v. Weast (2005) and special education due process hearing decisions in California. Using a database we coded from the state’s due process hearings for cases that reached a decision (years 1995–2019), this study analyzed (1) how legal...Learn more
Which Procedural Parts of the IEP Process Are the Most Judicially Vulnerable?
*/ [Abstract] To provide a missing piece to the legal foundation of professional development and practice for the individualized education program (IEP) process, the authors report the results of a comprehensive systematic analysis of court decisions specific to IEP-related procedural violations...Learn more