Literature Articles

This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.

CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?

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An Investigation of Facilitated Individualized Education Program Meeting Practice: Promising Procedures That Foster Family–Professional Collaboration

There is limited research about effective Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting practices that promote family–professional collaboration. One emerging practice, the Facilitated IEP (FIEP) meeting, has recently gained national attention for its team-based approach. In this study, the...Learn more

Balancing acts: Dispute resolution in the U.S. and English special education law.

Compares special ed. law in US and England. States that the lack of legal representation for low-income parents during dispute resolution affects the fairness of the process, and that parents that don’t have legal advice during mediation are more likely to pursue a due process hearing. Those that...Learn more

Building bridges with families: Honoring the mandates of IDEA

This article distills three lessons learned over the 30 years since IDEIA was first passed: 1) Families organize daily routines that balance their beliefs, resources, and needs and abilities. 2) Families vary greatly in how and how much they collaborate and participate in schooling activities. 3)...Learn more

Chinese families' level of participation and experiences in IEP meetings.

The author investigated the level of participation and experiences of 5 Chinese parents of children with disabilities in individualized education program (IEP) meetings through observations and interviews. Results of the study suggested that the Chinese parents were dissatisfied with 12 of 15...Learn more

Creeping judicialization in special education hearings?: An exploratory study.

This article describes an exploratory study using data from the Iowa Department of Education. The authors examined outcomes of 145 hearing officer decisions and seven judicial variables. Outcomes revealed that parents were successful in 32% of the cases, defendant in 60%, and 8% had mixed outcome...Learn more

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

This qualitative study improves understanding of parent perspectives about the factors that facilitate family-professional partnerships in schools recognized for inclusive practices. Five themes emerged from 11 focus groups consisting of parents of students with and without disabilities and with...Learn more

Father Involvement in Early Intervention: Exploring the Gap Between Service Providers’ Perceptions and Practices

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine early intervention (EI) service providers’ perceptions of the roles played by fathers in services, as well as their perceptions of the barriers that limit fathers from being engaged in the services provided for families of children with...Learn more

Fathers’ Experiences With the Special Education System: The Overlooked Voice

Research about parent experiences with the special education system is largely dominated from mothers’ perspectives. This article will present a qualitative interview study of the overlooked voice: fathers of children with disabilities. Twenty fathers were interviewed about their experiences...Learn more

IDEA Written State Complaints: Making the System More Accessible, Responsive and Equitable for Students with Disabilities

Identifying the Associated Factors of Mediation and Due Process in Families of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

[Abstract] "Compared to families of students with other types of disabilities, families of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are significantly more likely to enact their procedural safeguards such as mediation and due process. However, we do not know which school, child, and parent...Learn more

Is mediation a fair way to resolve special education disputes? First empirical findings.

Examines whether special ed. mediations are successful and looks at parents’ and schools’ perceptions of fairness, satisfaction with results, implementation of agreements, and looks at SES of parents, characteristics of children, wealth of districts, and presence of advocates. Authors collected...Learn more

Mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution for the individuals with disabilities education act: A just proposal?

Reports results of Pennsylvania Due Process studies, which examined whether justice is promoted by the IDEA’s due process model. Study found that if parents have the ability to influence the admin. hearings, objective justice was promoted. If the parents were unable to use the process to their...Learn more

Navigating Special Education Disputes in Schools

Through a question-and-answer format, this article presents the views of two experienced special education attorneys on a number of ways in which parents and school districts can work together. They address communication, changes in law and regulations, and the valuable roles of IEP facilitation,...Learn more

Optional IDEA alternative dispute resolution.

This In-Depth Policy Analysis is the result of findings based on a survey sent to all special education units of state education agencies. The survey requested information about the use of 10 alternative dispute resolution processes not specifically required under IDEA, the extent of their use, and...Learn more

Parents' voices: ‘why and how we advocate’. A meta-synthesis of parents' experiences of advocating for their child with autism spectrum disorder

Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be stressful, and accessing services can add to this stress. Self-efficacy, agency and advocacy are important for parents when accessing and using services. To develop insight into parental advocacy, a meta-synthesis was undertaken to...Learn more

Parent–Teacher Conflict Related to Student Abilities: The Impact on Students and the Family–School Partnership

Family–school partnerships have a positive impact on both students and schools, yet they remain challenging to establish and maintain, particularly in the presence of parent–teacher conflict. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of parents, teachers, and students...Learn more

Reducing parental dissatisfaction with special education in two school districts: Implementing conflict prevention and alternative dispute resolution.

Parental dissatisfaction with special education services is a national problem. This article presents two districts that have undergone systemwide changes to decrease the dissatisfaction of families who have children with disabilities. Using qualitative inquiry, the authors analyzed documents and...Learn more

Special education due process hearings: Student characteristics, issues, and decisions.

This article presents findings from an analysis of special education due process hearing decisions rendered in Iowa from July 1, 1989, through June 30, 2001. Detailed information regarding specific issues of dispute and prevailing party is presented, with an emphasis on differences in issues...Learn more

The IEP meeting: Perceptions of parents of students who receive special education services.

The author investigated parental perceptions of the individualized education program (IEP) meeting among 51 parents of students who were receiving special education services from 1 family support service agency. Survey questions pertained to the following areas: (a) IEP meeting experiences, (b)...Learn more

Unpacking the Logic of Compliance in Special Education: Contextual Influences on Discipline Racial Disparities in Suburban Schools

[Abstract] "The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ([IDEA] 2004; IDEA Amendments 1997) is a civil rights–based law designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities in U.S. schools. However, decades after the initial passage of IDEA, racial inequity in special education...Learn more

When it's your own child

This article presents the findings from a national sample of 510 parents of students with special needs surveyed by telephone regarding their perspectives on special education in public schools. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 17 experts in the field and parents of special needs...Learn more

Literature Articles

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An Investigation of Facilitated Individualized Education Program Meeting Practice: Promising Procedures That Foster Family–Professional Collaboration

Balancing acts: Dispute resolution in the U.S. and English special education law.

Building bridges with families: Honoring the mandates of IDEA

Chinese families' level of participation and experiences in IEP meetings.

Creeping judicialization in special education hearings?: An exploratory study.

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

Father Involvement in Early Intervention: Exploring the Gap Between Service Providers’ Perceptions and Practices

Fathers’ Experiences With the Special Education System: The Overlooked Voice

IDEA Written State Complaints: Making the System More Accessible, Responsive and Equitable for Students with Disabilities

Identifying the Associated Factors of Mediation and Due Process in Families of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Is mediation a fair way to resolve special education disputes? First empirical findings.

Mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution for the individuals with disabilities education act: A just proposal?

Navigating Special Education Disputes in Schools

Optional IDEA alternative dispute resolution.

Parents' voices: ‘why and how we advocate’. A meta-synthesis of parents' experiences of advocating for their child with autism spectrum disorder

Parent–Teacher Conflict Related to Student Abilities: The Impact on Students and the Family–School Partnership

Reducing parental dissatisfaction with special education in two school districts: Implementing conflict prevention and alternative dispute resolution.

Special education due process hearings: Student characteristics, issues, and decisions.

The IEP meeting: Perceptions of parents of students who receive special education services.

Unpacking the Logic of Compliance in Special Education: Contextual Influences on Discipline Racial Disparities in Suburban Schools

When it's your own child

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